The Flouting of Conversational Maxims in Captain Phillips Movie

Ginarsih, Ginarsih (2014) The Flouting of Conversational Maxims in Captain Phillips Movie. [ Skripsi ]

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Abstract

Keywords. conversational maxims, maxim flouts, implicature, movie. Cooperative principle (CP) is a theory formulated by Grice (1975) as the assumption what a speaker does when s/he has a conversation. His popular theory was formulated as follow “make your conversational contribution such as required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”. In an attempt to describe how the CP works, he formulated guidelines as he called conversational maxims. It means that the speaker should speak sincerely, relevantly, and clearly, while providing sufficient information. On the contrary, a speaker does not always speak sincerely, relevantly, or clearly. Automatically, they flout the maxims when the speaker blatantly fails to observe the maxims, not with any intention of deceiving or misleading, but because the speaker wishes to prompt the addressee to look for a meaning which is different from the expessed meaning either in daily life or in the movie. This research investigated the flouting of conversational maxims and implicatures in Captain Phillips movie. The research questions in this study were: 1) Which conversational maxims are flouted in Captain Phillips movie?, 2) What are the hidden meanings behind the flouted maxims in Captain Phillips movie?. Hence, the purpose of this study were to investigate: 1) The conversational maxims that are flouted in Captain Phillips movie, 2) The hidden meanings behind the flouted maxims in Captain Phillips movie. The approach of this study was qualitative research since it focused on understanding language phenomena deeply. Furthermore, the appropriate design of the study was content analysis since it used movie as the source of the data. The data of this research were the utterances of all characters in Captain Phillips movie. The conversation in the movie was then transcribed in order to be easily analysed. To establish and enhance the credibility and dependability in this study, peer debriefing technique was used. Data analysis reveals some findings covering the formulated research questions. Throughout the movie, all of the four maxims proposed by Grice were flouted by the characters of the movie. There are twenty seven cases where maxims are flouted by the characters those are Quantity maxim flout, Relation maxim flout, Quality maxim flout and Manner maxim flout. The maxims of Quantity was mostly flouted (eleven times) by the characters. It was flouted when the speaker gave either too little or too much information to the addressee. The maxim of Relation was the second mostly flouted (eight times). This maxim was flouted when the speaker said something which was irrelevant at all to the topic they were being discussed. On the other hand, Quality and Manner maxim were the third (six times) and the fourth (two times) flouted by the speaker. When they flouted the Quality maxim, they often used figurative language such as hyperbolic, ironical, sarcasm, rhetorical question, moreover they give information which were patently untruthful since they could not give sufficient information. On the contrary, When the Manner maxim was flouted, the speaker blatantly gave information which was vague and obscure for the addressee. Those flouted maxims generated certain implicatures/hidden meaning related to the context of each dialogue which showed the reason why the characters flout a maxim. Although some of the speakers looks like uncooperative socially since they do not deliver the meaning explicitly through their utterances, but they still give contribution to the talk exchange. In other words, the speakers are cooperative since they allow or even necessitate the hearer to derive some implicatures (and not other implicatures) from the flouted maxims. The speaker sometimes chooses to flout the maxim since s/he is motivated by cultural aspect that is politeness consideration. The speaker sometimes states implicitly since s/he consideres that it will be nice if it is stated implicitly such as flouting Quantity maxim for declining the commands, flouting Relation maxim to imply the hidden meaning that s/he does not feel comfortable with the topic they discuss. Moreover, the speaker often flouts the Quality maxim for insulting the addressee.

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